Umayyad Caliphate, or Umayyad Dynasty, was the first Muslim dynasty formed after Rashidun Caliphate. The Umayyad Caliphate lasted around 90 years, from 661 to 750 AD. It was established after the end of the First Fitnah (First Muslim Civil War) and barely recovered from Second Fitnah (Second Muslim Civil War) at the beginning of their rule. The Umayyad Caliphate is known for the expansion of conquered territories in Asia, Europe, and Africa and the unity of the empire. Soon after the fall of the Umayyad Dynasty , the new Caliphate of the Abbasid Dynasty failed to retain its unification. Background and Establishment Umayyad or Banu Umayya is a clan of Quresh Tribe. A prominent figure of Banu Ummaya was the third Rashidun Caliph Usman bin Affan (RA), a prominent sahabi (companion) and son-in-law of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) . Many prominent members of the Umayyad clan embraced Islam after the conquest of Makkah by Muhammad (PBUH). In 639, the second Caliph Umar bin Kha
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