Comprehensive History

The Battle of Manzikert (1071) was a decisive and historical battle between the Seljuk Empire and the Byzantine Empire. Both these forces fought with their full might, which highlights the significance of this battle. It was fought in Anatolia (present-day Turkey) and ended with a comprehensive victory for the Seljuks. The defeat resulted in the military decline of the Byzantine Empire in Anatolia and the beginning of the Crusades. Causes and Background The Seljuk Empire was established in 1037, with its initial capital in Nishapur in today’s Iran. After establishing their control, they tried to move northwards towards Anatolia. It was a difficult time for the Byzantine Empire, which suffered few losses at the hands of the Seljuks. This resulted in a truce between the two empires in 1064.  Seljuks and Byzantine had fought before the Battle of Manzikert However, Romanos IV was eager to release pressure from Seljuks after becoming the Byzantine emperor in 1068. He initiated cam...

The battle of Yamama (or Yamamah) was the most important and bloodiest battle during the Ridda Wars. It was fought between the armies of the Rashidun Caliphate, led by Khalid bin Walid, and the false prophet Musaylima in December 632. The battle ended with another success for Khalid ibn al-Walid and Muslims. Musaylima and many of his supporters were eliminated during the battle, which decided the fate of false prophethood in Arabia. Background Musaylimah bin Habib was a member of Banu Hanifah, the largest tribe in the Najd area. The tribe inhabited the al-Yamamah region, now in Saudi Arabia. Musaylima was unique among other liar prophets as he proclaimed his prophethood during the life of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH). He even wrote a letter to Muhammad (PBUH) and asked him to accept him as a prophet. In reply, Muhammad (PBUH) declared him al-Kadhdhab (the arch-liar).  Musaylimah was the leader of the largest tribe in the Nejd area During the Ridda wars, Caliph Abu Bakr (RA) estab...