Comprehensive History

Philip II of Macedon was the king of Macedon (an Ancient Greek kingdom) who remained the king from 359 BC to 336 BC till his death. He was the first Greek ruler who defeated all the opposing Greek City States and founded a united Greek kingdom to fight against the Persian Empire. Later his son Alexander III (Alexander the Great) defeated the Persians with the help of the united Greek troops and founded the Hellenistic civilization.  Early Life Philip II was born in 383 BC in Pella (Macedon). He was the youngest son of Amyntas III, the king of Macedon. From 368 – 365 BC, Philip remained a prisoner in Thebes, during which he received a diplomatic and military education. He returned to Macedon in 364 BC. By 359 BC, Philip’s elder brothers (Alexander II and Perdiccas III) had died. After their deaths, Philip was able to take the throne in 359.  Philip II as King At the time of the accession of Philip II, the situation of Macedon was very miserable. His brother Perdiccas

The Charter of Madinah ( Mithaq al-Madinah) or the Constitution of Madinah was a charter outlined by the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) after Muslim Migration to Madinah in 1 AH (622 AD). It was an agreement between different communities of Madinah, including Muslims (Ansar and Muhajirun), Christians, Jews, and pagans. The purpose of this charter was to establish and maintain cordial relations between different communities of Madinah and save Madinah from any foreign attack. Background & Reasons Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) started preaching Islam in Makkah in 610 AD, but most of the people of Makkah rejected his prophethood and decided to stick to their previous religion. They also made life difficult for Muhammad (PBUH) and a few of his companions. So, when around 13 years passed and the hopes about the conversions of Makkans remained grim, Muhammad (PBUH) decided to migrate towards Madinah (then Yathrib) when invited by the prominent people of the city who had embraced Islam.  Apar