Comprehensive History

Nicholas II of Russia was the last emperor (Tsar) of the Russian Empire. His dominion included the whole of the Russian Empire along with Finland and Poland. He remained the Tsar of Russia from 1894 to 1917 before his abdication.   During his reign, the Russian Empire declined internally and externally. Russian army and navy suffered one of the most humiliating defeats in Russian history against Japan during the  Russo-Japanese War (1904-05). The condition of Russia was also miserable during World War 1 (1914-18).  These defeats and other matters affected the economic conditions of the empire negatively. Therefore, Nicholas II initially had to replace the absolute monarchy with a constitutional monarchy after the  Russian Revolution of 1905 . Later, the Russian Revolution of 1917 brought an end to his reign and replaced the monarchy with  communist rule. On 17 th July 1918, Nicholas II was killed along with his whole family by the new soviet rulers of Russia.  Early Life

Abd-ul-Aziz bin Abdul Rahman Al Saud (commonly known as Ibn-e-Saud ) was the founder and first king of Modern Saudi Arabia,  the 3 rd Saudi State. He re-conquered Riyadh (the home city of his family) in 1902 from the  Al Rashid family. This event was the base of the  Formation of Modern Saudi Arabian, and  he later completed the establishment of Saudi Arabia in 1932. Early Life Abdul Aziz was born in Riyadh on 15 th January 1876. His father,  Abdul Rahman bin Faisal,  was the last ruler of the  Second Saudi State (1818-1891). Riyadh was captured by the  Al Rashid family (the opponents of the  Al Saud family in Najd)  in 1890, and they forced the Saudis to take refuge in the southern desert of Arabia. Later, Abdul Aziz and his family stayed in Qatar and Bahrain for some time. Later, they settled in  Kuwait and remained for around a decade. At the start of their exile, Ibn-e-Saud was just 15 years old.   Conquest of Najd In January 1902, Ibn Saud captured Riyadh from